Mycocrete: Scientists Turn to Knitted Molds, Fungal Networks for Futuristic Eco-Buildings

Scientists are aiming to revolutionize the construction industry with an approach that harnesses knitted molds and the root network of fungi to create eco-friendly building materials.

Known as "mycocrete," this composite material promises enhanced strength and remarkable flexibility in shape and form, paving the way for futuristic and sustainable architecture.

The research, led by Newcastle University's Living Textiles Research Group, aims to transform architectural spaces by combining mycelium with biobased materials such as wool, sawdust, and cellulose.

Harnessing the Power of Mycelium

Mycelium refers to the vegetative part of fungi, consisting of a network of thread-like structures called hyphae. It is the underground root-like system of fungi that play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and the decomposition of organic matter.

Mycelium acts as the primary mode of growth and expansion for fungi, enabling them to extract nutrients from their surroundings. It serves as the foundation for the fruiting bodies of fungi, such as mushrooms, and plays a vital role in ecosystem functioning.

The team's approach involves mixing mycelium spores with nutrient-rich grains and a growth substrate, which is then packed into knitted molds. These molds, made from oxygen-permeable textiles, provide an ideal environment for the mycelium to grow, binding the composite together.

Unlike rigid molds, knitted molds allow for controlled growth and shape transformation as the mycelium expands.

Dr. Jane Scott, the corresponding author of the research paper in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, explains the potential of mycocrete, stating, "Our ambition is to transform the look, feel, and wellbeing of architectural spaces using mycelium in combination with biobased materials."

"Knitting is an incredibly versatile 3D manufacturing system, offering lightweight, flexible, and formable structures with no seams and no waste."

To optimize the production process, the researchers designed a mycelium mixture and a production system that leverages the unique properties of knitted forms. They developed a paste consisting of mycelium, paper powder, paper fiber clumps, water, glycerin, and xanthan gum.

This paste is then injected into the knitted formwork using an injection gun, ensuring consistent packing and shape retention.

BioKnit

Strength tests were conducted on the dried mycocrete samples, comparing them to conventional mycelium composites. The mycocrete samples exhibited superior strength and performance, outperforming traditional composites and showcasing the potential of the knitted formwork approach, according to the team.

The porous knitted fabric also provided better oxygen availability, promoting healthy mycelium growth, while minimizing shrinkage during the drying process.

The team also constructed a proof-of-concept prototype called BioKnit. This freestanding dome structure, created in a single piece without any joins, showcased the flexibility and strength of mycocrete in a real-world application.

Dr. Scott emphasizes that while the research has specified particular yarns, substrates, and mycelium for achieving specific goals, there is immense potential for adaptation and innovation in different applications.

The integration of mycelium and textiles in the construction sector may require advancements in machine technology to facilitate large-scale implementation.

The team's findings were published in the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.