The chemical that gives sodas their distinct golden-brown color can possibly cause cancer, the Consumer Reports warned, adding that a potentially carcinogenic chemical called 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI) is found in some types of the artificial coloring.
"Caramel color, added to many soft drinks and some foods to turn them brown, may sound harmless, even appetizing. But in no way does it resemble real caramel," the group said. "Some types of this artificial coloring contain a potentially carcinogenic chemical called 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI)."
Consumer Reports isn't the only one saying the chemical, which appears as "caramel coloring" in food products,is dangerous to health. The World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer and the state of California also said that the chemical can potentially cause cancer. A 2007 federal government study has likewise found that the chemical caused cancer in mice.
California even has a law that says any food or beverage product sold in the state that gives consumers 29 micrograms of 4-MeI exposure a day must carry a health warning label: "WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer."
Experts at the Consumer Reports though think 29 micrograms is still too high. "Even if your choice of soft drink contains half that amount, many people have more than one can per day," said Urvashi Rangan, toxicologist and executive director of Consumer Reports' Food Safety & Sustainability Center. "Given that coloring is deliberately added to foods, the amount of 4-MeI in them should pose a negligible risk, which is defined as no more than one excess cancer case in 1 million people."
In its report Thursday, Consumer Reports also said that lab analyses showed Pepsi One and Malta Goya exceeded what California considered as safe level of 4-MeI. "While our study was not large enough to recommend one brand over another, both rounds of testing found that the level of 4-MeI in the samples of Pepsi One and Malta Goya purchased in both locations exceeded 29 micrograms per can or bottle. The products we purchased in California did not have a cancer-risk warning label," it said.
In response to the report, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said it will review the safety of the artificial coloring. "These efforts will inform the FDA's safety analysis and will help the agency determine what, if any, regulatory action needs to be taken," FDA spokeswoman Juli Putnam to The Associated Press.
