Scientists Use Most Powerful Laser to Measure Time's Smallest Fraction- Zeptosecond

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Scientists said that "zeptosecond" is the smallest amount of time. The new unit represents one trillionth of a billionth of a second (10 to the -21st power), which is smaller than a millisecond.

Researchers Finally Identify the Smallest Amount of Time; They Use PETRA III, the Most Powerful Laser
In this photo-illustration A man drinks, as the pub clock passes 11pm signalling 'time at the bar', in a traditional public house, the Star Inn on November 22, 2005 in Bath, England. From 00.00hours November 24, 2005 pubs and clubs will be able to take advantage of flexible licensing hours which in some cases will mean opening hours around the clock. Opponents of the legislation believe this will lead to more drunken behaviour, and alchohol related crime and disorder. Photo illustration by Matt Cardy/Getty Images

After discovering the smallest amount of time, several physicists from Goethe University Frankfurt used zeptosecond to measure how long it takes for a photon to cross a hydrogen molecule. According to the Independent UK's latest report, the experiment showed that the particle's travel time takes approximately 247 zeptoseconds.

NBC News previously reported that scientists from DESY and the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society in Berlin participated in the study, which was published in the Journal Science on Oct. 16.

PETRA III laser

To achieve the amazing scientific feat, the researchers used the Petra III laser, the most powerful light source of its kind. The laser was used to develop the X-rays, which were set so that only one photon was needed to send both electrons out of the hydrogen particle.

Researchers Finally Identify the Smallest Amount of Time; They Use PETRA III, the Most Powerful Laser
In this photo illustration, the hands of Clock Tower clock are set in the midday position at 9.05 in the morning on October 29, 2005 in London, England. The Clock Tower bell and clock (often referred to as "Big Ben"), was stopped at 0800 BST and the hands moved to the midday position, in order to carry out maintenance. This is the longest time the clock has been out of operation in more than two decades. The clock is due to restart at 1600GMT on Sunday. Photo Illustration by Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images

The X-ray energy from the laser created the effect of skimming the photon across the two electrons, which simultaneously behave like waves and particles. This allows the waves to move the second electron when the first one is ejected.

Measuring zeptosecond

With the help of PETRA III, the scientists combine the second electron's waves with the first one, allowing the photon to move across the interference pattern. The researchers measured the new pattern using their knowledge about the hydrogen molecule's location and a Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) reaction microscope.

"Since we knew the spatial orientation of the hydrogen molecule, we used the interference of the two electron waves to precisely calculate when the photon reached the first and when it reached the second hydrogen atom," said Sven Grundmann, a Ph.D. candidate.

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Written by: Giuliano de Leon.

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